Introduction To Resistors, Transistors and Capacitors

What is Resistors:

• A resistor is an electrical component that breaking points or directs the stream of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can likewise be utilized to give a particular voltage to a dynamic device, for example, a transistor.
• “It’s a component that resists the flow of current”.
• A resistor can be contrasted with a restriction in the stream of water through a hose - crimp the hose enough, and you can stop the stream. On the other hand, simply stick a washer with an opening in the hose, and confine the stream a settled sum. So a resistor restricts flow.

Resistors

Function of Resistor:

• Resistors assume an essential part to restrain the current and give just the required biasing to the vital active parts like the transistors and the ICs.
• To contradict the stream of current through resistor and the quality of this opposition is named as its resistance. German physicist, Sir G.S. Ohms could find an unequivocal relationship between voltage, current and resistance. As indicated by him a potential distinction or a voltage (V) over a resistor (R) is relative to the momentary current (I) coursing through it.

Types of Resistors:

1. Fixed and Variable Resistors
2. Carbon Film Resistors
3. Carbon Composition Resistors
4. Metal Film Resistors

What is Transistors:

• The invention of the transistor was made in the year 1948 that gave a remarkable shock to the electronics industry. 
• Transistors are a semiconductor device used to open up or switch electronic signs.
• A transistor is a device that controls current or voltage stream and goes about as a switch or gate for electronic signs. Transistors comprise of three layers of a semiconductor material, each equipped for conveying a current.

                 – an electrically controlled switch, or 

                 – a current amplifier.

Transistors

Advantages of Transistors:

1. Typically smaller size, lower expense and more life.
2. Can deal with small current.
3. Can be consolidated in the millions on one cheap die to make an incorporated circuit, though tubes are restricted to at most three utilitarian units for each glass bulb. 
4. Lower power utilization, less waste warmth, and high efficiency than equal tubes, particularly in small-signal circuits.
5. Can work on lower-voltage supplies for more safety, lower costs, more tightly clearances. 
6. Normally more physical toughness than tubes (relies on construction). 

Types of Transistors:

• Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

               – NPN and PNP

• Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) 

              – N-channel and P-channel

• Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET (MOSFET)

              – Depletion type (n- and p-channel) and enhancement type (n- and p-channel)

What is Capacitors:

• Capacitors store energy in the electric field between a couple of conductors called plates. The storing of energy happens by "charging" the capacitor. Putting away happens when electric charges of equivalent magnitude, however inverse polarity, develop on every plate.
• The capacitor disengages current in direct present (DC) circuits and circuit in alternating current (AC) circuits. 
• A capacitor is somewhat similar to a battery, yet it has an alternate job to do. A battery utilizes chemicals to store electrical energy and discharge it gradually through a circuit; infrequently it can take quite a long while. A capacitor for the most part discharges its energy substantially more quickly—regularly in seconds or less.

Capacitors

General Uses of Capacitors:

1. Smoothing, particularly in power supply applications which required changing over the signal from AC to DC. 
2. Putting away Energy.
3. Signal decoupling and coupling as a capacitor coupling that blocks DC current and permit AC current to go in circuits.
4. Tuning, as in radio frameworks by associating them to LC oscillator and for tuning to the desired frequency.
5. Timing, because of the settled charging and releasing time of capacitors. 
6. For electrical force component correction and numerous more applications.

Types of Capacitors:

Capacitors are categorized in these different types:

• Electrolytic Type 
• Polyester Type
• Tantalum Type 
• Ceramic Type