Surveying - Civil Engineering

Surveying

What is surveying?

• Surveying is the system of deciding the three dimensional positions of focuses, including the separations and edges between these focuses that are ordinarily situated on the surface of the earth, yet may likewise be situated above or underneath the surface.
• Surveys are conducted for the readiness of maps, plots, geography, and limits to set up responsibility for, and utilized as a part of the outline, arranging, and development of a structure and correspondence systems.
• High precision optical and electromechanical gear, including global positioning data acquired from the satellites, is also used for surveying.

Types Of Surveys And Their Application:

The surveys generally conducted are as mentioned below:

1. Geological Surveying: It is a survey conducted for recording the geological important features of the area under study. Data is obtained from satellite or aerial photography for several purposes, such as geochemical or geomagnetic topics.
2. Construction Surveying: It is used to mark the positions and layout of structures, such as buildings and roads for subsequent construction.
3. Topographic Survey: It is a survey that determines the elevation of different points located on some piece of land, and marks them as contour lines on a plot.
4. Hydro-graphic Survey: It is a survey carried out for the purpose of mapping the coastline for the purposes of navigation or resource management purposes. It is conducted by determining the three dimensional positions of particular points, and the measurements are repeated after the passage of some period of time, at the same points.

Importance Of Surveying:

• During execution of project of any extent is developed along the lines and points set up by surveying.
• The estimation of area and the fixation of its limits is impossible without looking over surveying.
• The monetary possibility of the building practicality of a venture can't be appropriately learned without undertaking a survey work.
• The execution of hydro-realistic and oceanographic outlining and mapping requires.
• Surveying is utilized to get ready topographic guide of land surface of the earth.

Objectives of Surveying:

To collect field data. To prepare plan or map of the area surveyed. To analyse and to calculate the field parameters for setting out operation of actual       engineering works. To set out field parameters at the site for further engineering works.